File:Map of Europe showing the frequency distribution of mtDNA haplogroup HV4a1a.png

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English: Map of Europe showing the frequency distribution of haplogroup HV4a1a. Blue crosses represent the location of the sampling points. Arrows represent a tentative reconstruction of the pre-historical and historical movements of HV4 and its sub-lineages across Europe and America. The scale indicates the absolute frequency of the HV4a1a mtDNAs in the regions sampled. A tentative reconstruction of the pre-historical and historical movements of HV4 and its sub-lineages across Europe and America is summarized in this figure, where the geographic distribution of HV4a1a also indicates the existence of a demographic episode of isolation in the Franco-Cantabrian region from about 5.4 kya (ΔT = 0.9). The presence of different sub-clades of HV4a1a in the region demonstrates genetic continuity in this region, probably up to very recent times.
Date Published: March 19, 2012
Source Gómez-Carballa A, Olivieri A, Behar DM, Achilli A, Torroni A, Salas A (2012) Genetic Continuity in the Franco-Cantabrian Region: New Clues from Autochthonous Mitogenomes. PLoS ONE 7(3): e32851. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0032851 http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371%2Fjournal.pone.0032851
Author Alberto Gómez-Carballa , Anna Olivieri, Doron M. Behar, Alessandro Achilli, Antonio Torroni, Antonio Salas
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Phylogenetic tree of HV4
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